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          LV03-repo-01-repo简介与安装
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">PC端开发环境</td>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">Windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu20.04.2的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 17 Pro</td>        <td align="left">17.6.0 build-24238078</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Linux开发板环境</td>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考资料  </td><td align="center">相关说明</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Git 官网</td><td align="left"><a href="https://git-scm.com/" target="_blank">https://git-scm.com/ <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Git 官方文档</td><td align="left"><a href="https://git-scm.com/doc" target="_blank">https://git-scm.com/doc <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Pro Git Book</td><td align="left"><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2" target="_blank">https://git-scm.com/book/zh/v2 <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Git 快速使用指南</td><td align="left"><a href="https://training.github.com/downloads/zh_CN/github-git-cheat-sheet/" target="_blank">https://training.github.com/downloads/zh_CN/github-git-cheat-sheet/ <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Visual Git Cheat Sheet</td><td align="left"><a href="https://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html#loc=index" target="_blank">https://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html#loc=index <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">Repo 工具使用介绍 - Gitee.com</td><td align="left"><a href="https://gitee.com/help/articles/4316#article-header0" target="_blank">https://gitee.com/help/articles/4316#article-header0 <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr></table>
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            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="0">---</td>        <td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank">---</a></td>        <td align="left">---</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、repo简介"><a href="#一、repo简介" class="headerlink" title="一、repo简介"></a><font size=3>一、repo简介</font></h1><h2 id="1-什么是repo？"><a href="#1-什么是repo？" class="headerlink" title="1. 什么是repo？"></a><font size=3>1. 什么是repo？</font></h2><p>repo，是一个多项目协同管理工具，为组件化客户端项目提供便捷。它其实是Google开发的用于管理Android版本库的一个工具，repo是使用Python对git进行了一定的封装，并不是用于取代git，它简化了对多个Git版本库的管理。用repo管理的版本库都需要使用git命令来进行操作。<strong>因此，使用repo工具之前，请先确保已经安装git。</strong></p>
<h2 id="2-为什么要使用它"><a href="#2-为什么要使用它" class="headerlink" title="2. 为什么要使用它"></a><font size=3>2. 为什么要使用它</font></h2><p>一个软件工程由于需要不断迭代开发，因此要对源代码进行版本管理。Android源代码工程（AOSP）也不例外，它采用Git来进行版本管理。AOSP作为一个大型开放源代码工程，由许许多多子项目组成，因此不能简单地用Git进行管理，它在Git的基础上建立了一套自己的代码仓库，并且使用工具Repo进行管理。</p>
<p>现代的代码版本管理工具，SVN和Git是最流行的。SVN是一种集中式的代码管理工具，需要有一个中心服务器，而Git是一种分布式的代码管理工具。不需要一个中心服务器。不需要中心服务器意味着在没有网络的情况下，Git也能进行版本管理。因此，单从这一点出发，Git要比SVN要方便很多。当然，Git和SVN相比，还有许多不同的理念设计，但是总的来说，Git越来越受到大家的青睐，尤其是在开源社区。Linux是采用Git进行版本管理，而越来越火的GitHub，提供也是Git代码管理服务。</p>
<p>前面提到，AOSP是由许许多项目组成的，例如，在Android 4.2中，就包含了329个项目，每一个项目都是一个独立的Git仓库。这意味着，如果我们要创建一个AOSP分支来做feature开发，那么就需要到每一个子项目去创建对应的分支。这显然不能手动地到每一个子项目里面去创建分支，必须要采用一种自动化的方式来处理。这些自动化处理工作就是由Repo工具来完成的。当然，Repo工具所负责的自动化工作不只是创建分支那么简单，查看分支状态、提交代码、更新代码等基础Git操作它都可以完成。</p>
<p>Repo工具实际上是由一系列的Python脚本组成的，这些Python脚本通过调用Git命令来完成自己的功能。比较有意思的是，组成Repo工具的那些Python脚本本身也是一个Git仓库。这个Git仓库在AOSP里面就称为Repo仓库。我们每次执行Repo命令的时候，Repo仓库都会对自己进行一次更新。</p>
<p>上面我们讨论的是Repo仓库，但是实际上我们执行Repo命令想操作的是AOSP。这就要求Repo命令要知道AOSP都包含有哪些子项目，并且要知道这些子项目的名称、仓库地址是什么。换句话说，就是Repo命令要知道AOSP所有子项目的Git仓库元信息。我们知道，AOSP也是不断地迭代法变化的，例如，它的每一个版本所包含的子项目可能都是不一样的。这意味着需要通过另外一个Git仓库来管理AOSP所有的子项目的Git仓库元信息。这个Git仓库在AOSP里面就称为<strong>Manifest仓库</strong>(清单库)。</p>
<p>到目前为止，我们提到了三种类型的Git仓库，分别是Repo仓库、Manifest仓库和AOSP子项目仓库。Repo仓库通过Manifest仓库可以获得所有AOSP子项目仓库的元信息。有了这些元信息之后，我们就可以通过Repo仓库里面的Python脚本来操作AOSP的子项目。那么，Repo仓库和Manifest仓库又是怎么来的呢？答案是通过一个独立的Repo脚本来获取，这个Repo脚本位于AOSP的一个官方网站上，我们可以通过HTTP协议来下载。</p>
<p>现在，我们就通过一个图来来勾勒一下整个AOSP的Picture，它由Repo脚本、Repo仓库、Manifest仓库和AOSP子项目仓库组成，如图所示：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV03-repo-01-repo%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20240926230946701.png" alt="image-20240926230946701"  />

<h1 id="二、怎么安装repo？"><a href="#二、怎么安装repo？" class="headerlink" title="二、怎么安装repo？"></a><font size=3>二、怎么安装repo？</font></h1><p>这里我只在ubuntu中安装repo进行学习，windows下也能装，但是好像问题比较多，就没去折腾了。</p>
<h2 id="1-准备工作"><a href="#1-准备工作" class="headerlink" title="1. 准备工作"></a><font size=3>1. 准备工作</font></h2><p>确保已经安装了python和git两个软件以及curl。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install git-core gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential zip curl zlib1g-dev gcc-multilib \</span><br><span class="line">g++-multilib libc6-dev-i386 lib32ncurses5-dev libx11-dev lib32z-dev ccache libgl1-mesa-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libxml2-utils xsltproc unzip python-pyelftools python3-pyelftools device-tree-compiler libfdt-dev \</span><br><span class="line">libfdt1 libssl-dev liblz4-tool python-dev libncurses5 make</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>主要是这个工具在安卓源码编译的时候才用到，所以这里就把搭建安卓环境所需的都装了一遍。然后python设置成了python2：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python</span><br><span class="line">sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p><strong>注意</strong></p>
<p>其实后面安装完脚本后，会发现它里面其实使用的应该是python3，但是我使用的ubuntu20.04，然后安装的python3，但是后面又把默认的python命令设置成了python2，repo应该是直接使用的python3命令，所以这里暂时这样搞吧。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV03-repo-01-repo%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20240926214151905.png" alt="image-20240926214151905" />
</blockquote>
<h2 id="2-curl命令下载"><a href="#2-curl命令下载" class="headerlink" title="2. curl命令下载"></a><font size=3>2. curl命令下载</font></h2><p>然后执行以下命令安装即可：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir -pv ~/2software/repo_bin # 创建安装目录</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">curl https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/git-repo -o ~/2software/repo_bin/repo <span class="comment"># 国内站点 清华源</span></span></span><br><span class="line">curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo &gt; ~/2software/repo_bin/repo # 国外站点</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">chmod a+x ~/2software/repo_bin/repo       # 赋予权限</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;export PATH=~/2software/repo_bin:$PATH&quot; &gt;&gt; ~/.bashrc # 添加环境变量</span><br><span class="line">source ~/.bashrc # 使环境变量生效</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>其实下载下来的repo文件只是一个使用Python编写的引导脚本（Google 称之为 Repo launcher，本质上是一个python脚本，可以使用vim打开的），完整的repo(即，repo的主体部分)还没有下载。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV03-repo-01-repo%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20240922160351689.png" alt="image-20240922160351689"  />

<h2 id="3-测试是否生效"><a href="#3-测试是否生效" class="headerlink" title="3. 测试是否生效"></a><font size=3>3. 测试是否生效</font></h2><p>我们直接开一个终端执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">repo --help</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>若安装成功则会有如下打印信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV03-repo-01-repo%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20240926214613640.png" alt="image-20240926214613640" />

<h1 id="三、repo主体"><a href="#三、repo主体" class="headerlink" title="三、repo主体"></a><font size=3>三、repo主体</font></h1><h2 id="1-Gitee仓库"><a href="#1-Gitee仓库" class="headerlink" title="1. Gitee仓库"></a><font size=3>1. Gitee仓库</font></h2><p>上面我们下载下来的知识repo的一个引导脚本，实际的主体部分还没下载，它的源码在Gitee上有一个仓库：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/oschina/repo">repo: Repo 是一个用于批量管理多仓库工程的工具，本仓库主要对 repo 做了二次开发，使其支持 Gitee Fork+PullRequest 流程</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV03-repo-01-repo%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20240926214823777.png" alt="image-20240926214823777" />

<h2 id="2-Google官方参考资料"><a href="#2-Google官方参考资料" class="headerlink" title="2. Google官方参考资料"></a><font size=3>2. Google官方参考资料</font></h2><p>官网首页好像是这个：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://code.google.com/archive/p/git-repo/">Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting.</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV03-repo-01-repo%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20240926215025031.png" alt="image-20240926215025031" />

<p>我们可以在这里找到它的文档（需要科学上网）：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://source.android.com/source/using-repo?hl=zh-cn">Repo 命令参考资料  | Android Open Source Project</a><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/03%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6/LV03-repo-01-repo%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/img/image-20240926214937763.png" alt="image-20240926214937763" /></p>
<p>它的仓库在这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/GerritCodeReview/git-repo">GerritCodeReview&#x2F;git-repo: repo - The Multiple Git Repository Tool - (mirror of https://gerrit.googlesource.com/git-repo) (github.com)</a>，其实在主页都能找到，主要是要科学上网。</p>

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